Was part of a short project using EEG and VR. The idea was at least conceptually, that people could dynamically learn to train their brains, with a really high definition of feedback available - so all the subtle nuances changing in the brainwaves, mapped in detail to the various dimensions offered in VR - audio, visual, spacial and VR physics (i.e weight, acceleration, gravity etc.) could increase feedback and brain learning.
The hypothesis is basically that if we have the possibility of very detailed and high definition of control via brainwaves changes, and we have direct feedback to experience it, then our brains will adapt and rapidly learn. The "rewards" become basically gaining creative agency in the environment. The VR space has the advantage of it being very immersive, so in theory that kind of learning would be more engaging and so rapid.
I came across this article that talks about different technologies but describes the kind of passive and active learning that enhances each other: http://www.pnas.org/content/110/26/10818