In the history of the Indonesian nation, there are dozens of standing monarchies. Recorded since the 4th century one by one the kingdom began to stand, especially at that time most of the kingdom patterned Hindu and Buddhist. In this article we will discuss some of the biggest kingdoms in Indonesia. Entering the fifteenth century the kingdom began to collapse and eventually stood some of the kingdom of Islam. At that time the Islamic kingdom emerged at the same time with the entry of the Dutch and other nations to colonize the archipelago.
Majapahit kingdom
Patih Gajah Mada
There is no doubt that this one kingdom deserves to be called the greatest kingdom in Indonesia. How come? almost all regions in the archipelago became the power of Majapahit Kingdom. Since the establishment of this kingdom in 1293, the kingdom continues to strengthen their military and defense system, until they are able to involve invitations to several regions in the archipelago, especially Java and Sumatra.
Behind the powerful military and defense system of the Majapahit Empire there are some very influential people in the kingdom, such as Gajah Mada and Admiral Nala. Both men are powerful leaders who are able to bring the Majapahit Kingdom into its golden age.
The kingdom of Majapahit also has a very good relationship with several kingdoms from abroad. In addition, Majapahit Kingdom is also very clever in politics so they can control a region without having to fight. Unfortunately, the greatest kingdom in Indonesia has to be destroyed 200 years after its foundation, caused by the existence of some very large internal conflicts. In addition, Majapahit Kingdom also has a big influence to this day. For example the influence of this kingdom is in the field of culture that until now also still exist. Art Reog Ponorogo for example, this art was first performed in front of the king Brawijaya to V when there is a royal event.
Sriwijaya Kingdom
Heritage of Sriwijaya Kingdom
Sriwijaya Kingdom is one of the largest maritime kingdom owned by the Indonesian nation. Based on the history of heritage in the form of inscriptions and travel records, this kingdom was established around the 7th century AD In addition, the kingdom located in Sumatra has a strong influence throughout Sumatra, western Java, Malacca and the region in Thailand.
This kingdom is very strong in the field of trade until several nations from far away to cooperate with the Kingdom of Sriwijaya. The kingdom of Sriwijaya experienced a golden age in the 9th century AD. At that time the kingdom was getting a lot of revenue from the excise duty of goods that came out and entered through the trading vessel. From the golden age of this Sriwijaya Kingdom we really know that the thing that makes this kingdom big is in the field of commerce. In addition to the trade sector, this kingdom also has a vast territory of power. This is evidenced in the 9th century where the kingdom includes Sumatra, Sri Lanka, Malay Peninsula, West Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Borneo and the Philippines. With this vast area of authority, the Kingdom of Srivijaya became a great maritime kingdom until the 13th century AD
Kutai Kingdom
Heritage of Kutai Kingdom
Unlike the two previous kingdoms whose historical evidence is still widely found, this Kutai Kingdom really has little historical evidence. Some inventions only find some relics such as: Yupa or inscriptions on which many tell about the history of the kingdom that can survive for more than 1200 years. In the history of the Kingdom of Kutai, the first king of Kudungga ruled for a very long time of about 350-375 years. The territory of this kingdom was almost in control of all areas in East Kalimantan. In addition, the kingdom is also not known by playing with the expanding territory to many areas.
Kingdom of Singasari
Heritage of Singasari Kingdom
This kingdom was founded in 1222 by the famous king Ken Arok. In history he was able to build a kingdom of that size with the spread of territory to the island of Sumatra. Singasari has a long life of 100 years since the establishment of the kingdom. In addition Singasari Kingdom also sent many troops to Sumatra. They made the island a stronghold of a Mongolian attack known to be very powerful at the time. In addition to having several areas of power in the area of Sumatra, they also managed to conquer Bali in the year 1284. With this Kingdom Singasari has a large area of power covering Malay, Bali, Pahan, Urun and Bakulapura while in its golden age. The greatness of this kingdom is even to make Kubilah Khan should send a delegation to be able to recognize sovereignty in the region.
Sultanate of Mataram
Relics of Ancient Mataram Kingdom
Mataram is one of the kingdom is quite large and very influential in Java. This kingdom stood in the 16th century and only lasted less than 100 years. When the Kingdom of Mataram came to power, the Dutch began to enter and colonize the archipelago. Mataram is one of the kingdom that has an important role in the resistance against the Dutch. As time went on, this kingdom almost dominated most of the central side of Java. Even when a new Batavia was built Mataram attacked the city completely. There are several important cities of this kingdom that spread in Java area, especially east and west of Java Island. Important cities in the east include: Malang, Surabaya, Pasuruan and Gresik. While on the west consists of Ciamis, Sumedang, and cirebon. But the kingdom of Mataram should be split into two due to the Dutch. From the split is still standing firmly, namely Kasunanan Surakarta and Sultanate of Yogyakarta. Until now only the Sultanate of Yogyakarta is still applying the royal system.
Kingdom of Samudera Pasai
Relics of the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai
Samudera Pasai is one of the first and large kingdoms in the history of Islam in Indonesia. This kingdom was established in the 13th century after the collapse of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya. In addition, this kingdom is a combination of the Kingdom of Pase and Peurlak. In terms of power, this kingdom has a region that almost controlled the Malacca region. In its accomplishment, Pasai Ocean is more prominent in terms of trade and shipping. Not only excels in the sectors of commerce and shipping alone, even this kingdom has a very strong relationship with several merchants from different directions, and most of them are from China and some areas in the Arabian Peninsula.
At that time the currency in the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai has been using gold coins. With the making of gold coins as a means of payment this indicates that the Ocean Pasai has undergone rapid development.
Kingdom of Demak
Territory of the Kingdom of Demak
Historically, the Kingdom of Demak is the first and largest kingdom in the Javanese lands of Islam. This kingdom was previously a duchy of the Majapahit Kingdom, and later emerged as a new power that inherited the legitimacy of Majapahit greatness. The Sultanate of Demak also became the pioneer of the spread of Islam in the land of Java. At the beginning of the 16th century this kingdom became the strongest on the island of Java and no one can match it at that time. Besides, Demak Kingdom also has close relations with some important people from China and China. In addition, Demak Kingdom also advanced in terms of shipping. Inheritance of this kingdom inherited Demak Mosque which according to tradition established by Walisongo.
Kingdom of Banten
Heritage of Banten Sultanate
Kingdom of Banten is an Islamic kingdom established in 1526. At that time the new Demak Kingdom expand its influence to the western coastal area of Java Island. By conquering several port areas then make it a trading place and military base area.
After the conquest, Maulana Hasanudding (Sunan Gunung Jati's grandson) established a fortress called Surosowan, which became the center of government. For almost 3 centuries this kingdom survived and even reached a remarkable golden age. At the same time the colonists from Europe came and planted their influence. The political power of the Sultanate of Banten finally collapsed in 1813 after the Surosowan Palace as a symbol of power in the City of Diamond intanged. And with the destruction of the palace, the sultan of Banten and the subordinate king of the colonial government in the Dutch East Indies. In addition, the collapse of this kingdom is also caused by a civil war.
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