Hello, dear family Steemit! Welcome to our virtual classroom! As we all know, water is an essential mineral for the maintenance of life. Today I bring you a wonderful experiment, where we will learn how to purify water through an incredible homemade water purifier, with materials within reach and easy to get. Drinking water is one of the predominant needs of living beings. So I invite you to enjoy this proposal where the little ones can go, little by little, developing ingenuity accompanied by their teachers and parents.

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Before starting it is important to know the following terms.

Characteristics of water

It is composed, centrally, by hydrogen and oxygen and its chemical formula is H2O. At atmospheric pressure, its freezing point is 0 ℃ and its boiling point is 100 ℃. The water reaches its maximum density at a temperature of 4 ℃ and expands when freezing. It is also, colorless and tasteless and blue hue. It can only be detected in layers of great depth, which is why it is considered colorless.

Drinking water

Drinking water or water for human consumption is called water that can be consumed without restriction to drink or prepare food. Wikipedia

For the water to be drinking, that is, for us to drink it, it must be;

• Clean, without particles that make it cloudy.
• Inodora, without the smell.
• Without a certain flavor.
  
  

In addition, drinking water must have minerals, such as chlorine, sodium, iodine, fluorine, etc., in proportional quantities. And, fundamentally, it must contain air.

On the other hand, there are waters with impurities and microorganisms, such as algae, amoebae, paramecia, bacteria, etc.

This type of water should not be consumed by humans and animals since it will produce different diseases. This water is not suitable for consumption and is called non-potable. To be able to consume it, we must make it drinkable, that is, remove the impurities with successive filtrations. Then the microorganisms that may exist must be eliminated with chlorine or another purifying agent.

Hard or raw water

Water is the most abundant substance on earth and is obtained in different natural sources, such as currents, deposits, and wells (groundwater), containing salts and impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and silica. When water brings high concentrations of these salts is called, HARD WATER. Hard water causes organic complications to man and animals, also affects facilities and pipes. To avoid these drawbacks, the high concentration of salts must be eliminated and reduced to tolerable limits. This process is known as water softening.

Water softening

The softening of the water consists of removing the calcium and magnesium associated with the water, adding lime or sodium carbonate, allowing the formation of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, which precipitate and then can be separated. Soft water can be used in food processing, boiler supply and in different chemical processes.

Water purification

• Pumps draw water from the river or lake.
  
  

• Through the pipes it reaches special pools where it is allowed to decant; thus, part of the impurities are deposited in the bottom.
  
  

• To eliminate the rest of the impurities, special substances are added, which also take them to the bottom.
  
  

• The water is filtered through sand beds.
  
  

• It is then stored in the filtered water reserves and distributed to residential tanks.

What are they waiting for?

With this filter, ideal for emergencies, it is possible to obtain 100% potable water from sources such as rain, rivers, and streams. Have fun while doing your homework!

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HOME WATER PURIFIER

Materials:

• Two plastic containers, approximately one meter high.
• Dirty water
• Cotton.
• Fine sand.
• Fabrics or gauzes.
• Scissors.
• Cutter.
• Small, medium and large stones.
• Charcoal.

Note: Charcoal is essential to complete water filtration because it serves to eliminate microorganisms associated with untreated water. Ideally, it should be activated carbon, which is more porous and increases the physical-chemical absorption process inside the filter.

Armed Water Purifier

Step 1. Cut the bottom or base of the plastic bottle to create the opening through which the water will enter.

Step 2. With the base cut, we put cotton on the base until we reach the edge.

Step 3. Add the amount of fine sand needed to reach 7 to 10 centimeters in height. Then place a layer of cloth or house and repeat it on each subsequent layer.

Step 4. Add vegetable charcoal until it reaches the same height of 7 to 10 centimeters. And, apply a cloth layer.

Step 5. Add a layer of small stones, until you reach the same height. Do not forget to place the fabric on the layer of small stones.

Step 6. Add the layer of medium stones, reaching the same height. And, placing the fabric on this layer.

Step 7. Add large stones.

Step 8. Add charcoal.

Step 9. Add another layer of fine sand.

Step 10. Cut the top of the other plastic bottle, which will serve to collect the filtered water.

Remember to apply each cloth or gauze between each layer. It is important that all layers are well-fitted and tight.

WATER PURIFICATION AT HOME

Purification Water

Result. Purified water

In order for this water to be 100% potable, the water must be boiled, that is, we must bring the water to its boiling point, increasing its temperature to 100 ℃.

Now you know how to make a practical water purifier, following a few simple steps. You may have to filter the water 2 or 3 times because of the length of the container. Our filter is adapted for gray water in the home. The gray water, are all types of wastewater that are generated in a house. Except for the toilet. The main waste that contains the greywater is suspended, dissolved and floating solids, such as the earth.

CONCLUSION

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• Drinking water should be available to all people and be suitable for consumption. The treatment of water before consumption allows fighting against many diseases such as dysentery, typhoid fever, and cholera. This home purifier simulates the natural water filtering process, which occurs when it crosses the ground to reach the underground aquifers, using different materials to clean the water and, thus, retain the largest amount of waste.
  

• The sand filters were the first filters used to purify water and prevent diseases such as cholera. And, they are very useful in both rural and urban areas that lack safe drinking water.
  

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Thank you all for joining me in this fantastic and perfect exercise for the development of children's creativity. With this fun series of steps, children (accompanied and guided by their elders) can have a good time with the little ones in the house. In addition, they will be taught to work in an organized manner, allowing them to expand their technique of concentration and observation to help them understand their environment.

REFERENCES

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• Properties of water

• Drinking water

• Hard water. Spanish!

• How to make the water drinkable. Spanish!

• Slow filtration of sand Spanish

• How to make a homemade water filter. Spanish!

@steemiteducation

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