Silicium, the Fundamental element of the earth's crust

Hi steemians

• today will talk about the fundamental element of the earth's crust, we are talking about the most widespread element in nature after oxygen, it's SILICIUM.

• Name: Siliicum

• Symbole: Si

• Atomic number: 14

• family of elements: Metalloid

• Color: dark grey
  
  http://impactyetmma.blogspot.com/

• SILICIUM was discovered in 1824 by J. J. Berzelius in Swedish, generally found as silicate in many rocks, clays and soils.

• this element it is never found in the free state, it is always combined with oxygen: SiO2 (Silicon dioxide, also known as silica).
  
  http://ramoschem.pbworks.com/w/page/93117453/Quartz

• the term silicon most often refers to flint, a mineral that everyone knows from childhood; a hard stone which gives a spark when struck against steel, and which prehistoric man used to make fire; later, it was used to light the powder in the stone rifle.
  
  http://ticayou.canalblog.com/archives/2009/03/15/13348670.html

• Granite, which contains about 80 percent silica or 40 percent SILICIUM, is used in most hard rocks.
  the porphyry of the ausoleum of Lenin in the red square, the beautiful reveal of the host "moscow", blue spots of labradorite which glitter the foundations of buildings of the Dzerzhinsky street in Moscow; in short, all the resistant rocks of the world are made of silicon for more than a third.
  
  http://www.madagascargemstones.com/gemstones//labradorite/pebbles/top_grade_aaa_flash_labradorite_pebble_palm_stone/

• SILICIUM is also the main element of the clay, it is also the one that essentially forms the sand of the banks, the sandstone layers and the shales.
  
  

https://dlwaters.photoshelter.com/image/I0000fr3ClpJws34

http://www.zschnepf.com/Landscape/SOUTHWEST/i-f44xSJj

http://www.cripplebush.net/shale/rotten-shale-hilltop.htm

• about 30 percent of the weight of the Earth's crust is composed of silicium, and up to 16 kilometers deep, about 70 percent is composed by its combination with oxygen.
  
  http://dominiquemercier.over-blog.com/2015/11/la-croute-terrestre-se-fracture-de-toute-part.html
  
  http://www2.ggl.ulaval.ca/personnel/bourque/s2/princ.mineraux.html

• We know more than 200 varieties of natural silica and more than 100 different types of mineralogical and geological names for the varieties of this mineral.

• There are many more substances in nature in which our silica is combined with metallic oxides, and so thousands of new mineral species, called SILICATES, are formed.
  man uses it in the building industry and for his domestic needs; the most important compounds, clays and feldspars, are used for the manufacture of glass, porcelain and earthenware(Faïence), for the production of concrete used to build motorways, bridges, public buildings, etc ...
  
  http://www.glassonline.com/site/news/channelname/Country-outlook/channel/21/id/22885
  http://www.tuamherald.ie/news/roundup/articles/2017/10/25/4147629-motorway-boost-for-milltown/
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Bay_Bridge
  
  http://www.2f-constructions.com/?page=r%E9alisation%20en%20b%E9ton%20arm%E9

  ''SILICIUM and its compounds are of incomparable solidity and their properties vary infinitely''

• WHAT MAKES THE SOLIDITY OF COMBINATIONS OF SILICIUM?
  Silicium is there in the form of atoms carrying an electric charge, or ions, two and a half times smaller than a hundred millionth of a centimeter. these little balls loaded with electricity combine with others of larger dimensions, which are oxygen. finally, each of them is surrounded by four balls of oxygen that touch and form a geometric figure called tetrahedron.
  http://slideplayer.fr/slide/516970/
  the tetrahedra combine with each other by determined laws to form large complex structures that are difficult to compress or bend; their oxygen atoms are so well clung to the central silicium atoms that it would be difficult to detach them.

• SILICIUM AND TECH:

• currently in integrated circuit technologies still use silicon as semiconductor materials mean bung width medium well adapts to the constraints imposed by applications at normal temperatures.

• In 2011, 87% of photovoltaic installations installed in the world included single or multi-crystalline silicon. Although the most abundant chemical element on Earth after oxygen, silicon can not be found in pure form. It must therefore be extracted from the silica, purified, shaped and then doped before being used. All these operations have a significant energy cost.

thank you dear steemians for finding time to read this post, and i would like to read your opinion about it in a comment :)
Have a nice day :)

References List:

• La géochimie récréative. A.FERSMAN.
• https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium
• Cours chimie physique des sillcates (université de mosta)
• https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/definitions/chimie-silicium-14517/