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Maybe because the team you voted did not win. Like for example, in the match Nigeria vs Iceland, Nigeria won the match so if you voted for Iceland of course no point for you. And definitely if you voted for Nigeria you get 1pt. Its not just upvoting anything else on the page, it is upvoting for the team you are rooting for.

For those matches where I guessed the result is not charged, I checked

As @fabyflavour wrote, you forgot to register in the contest. You can still do it now.

I already registered, I already received icons before that, but now they somehow do not accrue

You did not registered! There is no transfer from you to @steemitboardpool.

About the badges you (erroneously) received, there was a small bug in the allocation procedure at the beginning of the competition that made some unregistered users to received badges.

Thank you!

check if you sent the 0.010 sbd to steemitboardpool and if you put worldcup2018 as one word.

I put space and sent my application to steemitboard and that was the problem my badges were missing. some of them