The science of industrial and organizational psychology (I / O) according to Munsterberg (in Berry 1998) is the study of human behavior in the world of work. Munandar (2001) provides a more detailed understanding that the science of industrial and organizational psychology is the study of human behavior in its role as a workforce and as a consumer, both individually and in groups, with the intention that its findings can be applied in industries and organizations for the benefit of and mutual benefit.
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Industrial and organizational behavior is centered on 'open' behavior, which is directly observable. While the closed behavior can be concluded through expression into open behavior.
For example, a worker who is happy with his work will show a variety of behaviors that reflect his pleasure, while busy in his duties, his face still looks bright, in recess talking about his work with his colleagues, not waiting for work home hours. When asked about his work he answered with all the questions. Through observation of his open behavior can be interpreted his closed behavior.
Man's behavior in his role as a workforce and as a consumer is learned in his work environment. In this sense human beings are studied in their interactions with their work, with their physical work environment with their social environment at work.
If as human labor becomes a member of its industrial organization, then as a human consumer becomes a user (user) of the products or services of the organization of the company.
While human behavior is studied individually or in groups, with the assumption that in an industrial organization there are various units of work. A large work unit (division) consists of smaller work units each consisting of smaller units of work and so on.
In this case studied the extent to which the impact of one group or work unit on labor behavior and vice versa. It is also studied to what extent the structure, pattern and type of organization has an influence on its workforce, on a group of workers, and on a workforce. In terms of the consumer, the problem is learned such as the extent to which there is a similar reaction from the consumer group with certain characteristics to the advertisement of a product.
After studying human behavior in the world of work, both the behavior of labor and consumers; individually or in groups, on the basis of its findings, theory, rules or laws and principles may be reapplied into industrial and organizational activities for the benefit of labor, consumers and their organizations and to test their accuracy.
Key Issues of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Initially, the main purpose of the application of psychology is to promote the usefulness of basic psychology in solving work problems. Today, the theme of I / O psychology described by Muensterberg (in Berry, 1998) is defined as a behavioral study in the world of work.
In other words industrial and organizational psychology is almost as big as the entire scope of psychology itself, because the work situation is also almost as big as life itself. People tend to spend at least a third of their time a day working. Almost all life activities move in the world of work, just like what is done by people at home or school.
Key issues in industrial and organizational psychology include behavioral variations that occur in work settings. We all learn about how the composition works itself, and the production line up to executive management. We are looking for ways to improve the process of selecting people for certain types of work.
We can design and evaluate training programs, career development, and job counseling. We also pay attention to work motivation, rewards for work quality and job satisfaction. The work problems themselves can be alcohol abuse, work stress, and sexual breakdowns that are in desperate need of solutions from industrial and organizational psychology.
Through the application of industrial and organizational psychology, We also seek to understand and improve leadership and supervision. And we also develop working conditions that can accommodate individual workers.
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one group or work unit on labor behavior and vice versa. It is also studied to what extent the structure, pattern and type of organization has an influence on its workforce, on a group of workers, and on a workforce.