[Science]_The Definition of The Human Brain

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Hello steemians,
I had a chance to read an interesting book from Muhammad Musrofi a book entitled "Melejitkan Potensi Otak". The author discusses deeply about the human brain and its functions and because the topic is so scientific and interesting I guess it would not hurt if I would share it with you. Then let's get on with it.

Definition of brain

The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord forming the central nervous system. The brain can be held only by using one palm. It weighs about 1.5 kg. In the brain, it has 100 billion active nerve cells (neurons). This amount is almost equal to the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy.

Parts of the brain

In this case there are at least 3 types of division of the brain, that is:

• The division of the brain into 3 parts (the triune brain), proposed by Paul D. MacLean.
• The division of the brain into 2 hemispheres (right brain and left brain), discovered by Roger Sperry.
• The division of the brain into 4 quadrants, revealed by Ned Herrmann.

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The Triune Brain

According to the first type, the brain is divided into 3 basic parts (reptile brain, mammalian brain and neocortex).

1. Reptile brain

The reptile brain lies at the base of the brain. This part of the brain is exactly the same as the part of the brain owned by reptiles, such as lizards or crocodiles. Therefore, it is called the reptile brain. What is the function or task of the reptile brain is as follows:

• Controlling sensory motor functions is to know the stimuli that come from the five senses.
• Maintain life instinctively, focused on food, shelter, breeding and self-protection.

2. Mammalian brain

The mammalian brain (limbic system) is located around the reptile brain, located in the middle of your brain. This section is owned by all types of mammals. It is called the mammalian brain. The functions or tasks of the mammalian brain are as follows:

• As a place to store your memory.
• Controlling your biorhythms, such as sleep patterns, hunger, thirst, blood pressure, heart rate, sexual arousal, regulation, body chemistry, metabolism and immune system.
• As the center of feeling or emotion. Everything that comes from the sense of sight, hearing, smell and touch gets into this brain. Then, it is distributed to the "brain of thinkers" or the neocortex.

3. Neocortex

The neocortex is encased around the top and sides of the mammalian brain. It represents 80% of all your brain matter. The neocortex consists of nerve cells, called neurons. It looks like a 3 mm thick blanket and has 6 layers. Each layer has its own task. The task of the neocortex is to think, speak, see and be creative. In this brain dwells on a higher intelligence of intuition. Is that intuition? Intuition is the ability to receive information that is not acceptable to our senses.

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Neurons, Dendrites and Glial Cells

The basic structural unit of brain function is an active nerve cell or neuron. Flies have 100 thousand neurons, rats have 5 million neurons, apes have 10 billion neurons and humans have 100 billion neurons.

Neuron can develop 2 thousand to 20 thousand branches (called dendrites). The dendritic shape is similar to the branches of a tree. Each dendrite can store information and receive input from another cell.

Neuron can also send messages throughout the brain and all parts of the body through the axon (covered by a package called myelin). Axons are shaped like electrical wires, while myelin is like a cable wrapper. The speed of motion that message can reach 100 meters per second.

Dendrites are surrounded by 900 billion glial cells. This glial cell serves to glue all parts of the brain.

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Right and Left Brain

The division of the brain according to 2 hemispheres (right and left brain) is as follows:

• The right and left brain hemispheres are part of the neocortex.
• The right and left brain hemispheres are part of the limbic system.
• The existence of a connecting link between the two hemispheres of the brain. This connector is called the corpus callosum.

The left limb is controlled by the right brain. Vice versa, the right side of the body is controlled by the left brain.

Regarding the function of the right and left brain, Ned Herrmann combines research results from Paul MacLean and Roger Sperry. He built a model of the brain with a structure of two hemispheres that is part of the cerebral system and the other two parts of the brain are part of the limbic system.

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The Brain Division is 4 Quadrants

The division of the brain into 4 quadrants is as follows:

1. Top of left cerebral: Analytical, mathematical, technical, problem solving.
2. Bottom left limbic system: Controller, conservative, planner, regulator, and administrative.
3. The lower part of the right mammal limbic / brain system: Interpersonal, emotional, musical, spiritual, and speech models.
4. Top right cerebral: Imaginative, synthesic, artistic, holistic, and conceptual.

Brains Have Intelligence Centers

Each hemisphere has the following parts:

• Prefrontal cortex, in charge of processing in thinking.
• The motor cortex, which is in charge of controlling activities.
• The temporal lobe, which is the center of the conversation.
• The parietal lobe, which deals with spatial abilities.
• The occipital lobe, which is the center of vision.
• The cerebellum or cerebellum, which plays an important role in posture adjustment and balance. It also serves as an "auto pilot" when we perform the learned functions, such as riding a bicycle and car.
• "Gatekeepers", ie the amygdala, hypocampus, and caudate nucleus. The three "gatekeepers" are tasked with spreading important messages to various parts of the brain.

Well, that's a little explanation of the human brain and its function. Hopefully it can be useful for all of us and for the next post we will discuss about brain power and so on. So keep waiting for the next post because it will still continue. If so, have a good day and good luck for you.

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