Important Discovery of the World Donated By Muslim scientists

in #science8 years ago (edited)


When  discussing discovery and the scientists, we will usually immediately  remember names such as Einstein, Thomas Alfa Edison or Nicholas Tesla. They are the people who are considered to have a big share in advancing science today. If we look at them they have one thing in common: they all come from Europe. Because of this it often appears stigma if the great scientists are all from the blue continent.

Though  this assumption is not entirely true, because there are times where  precisely Muslin scientists from the Middle East and the Arabian  Peninsula that also contribute greatly to the progress of science with  their findings. As we already know, in medieval Europe land, unlike now even far from the civilized word. Therefore, this age is often called "The Darkness Age's" or the Dark Age. It was at this time that the Muslinian scientists of the Arabic azirs  such as Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus and Cordoba, showed their abilities  with many glorious findings.

These  discoveries are even used as a benchmark for various disciplines,  ranging from algebra, trigonometry and chemistry, the world of medicine,  astronomy, engineering and not the world of agriculture. Well information about some important discoveries of the results of  Muslim scientists is this time this will bizarredunia.com share  information in, Discovery of the Important World Who Donated By Muslim  scientists.

Abbas bin Firnas - Flight Theory


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Abbas  Abu al-Qasim bin Firnas or better known as Abbas bin Firnas, is a  Muslim scientist from Andalusia (Southern Spain) who lived between  810-887 AD. Abbas  bin Firnas is known as a capable scientist with a variety of expertise  in both physics, chemistry, engineering to music and poetry. During his lifetime Abbas bin Firnas has contributed a lot of his  beneficial results to the world such as water hours until "Batu Baca"  which has now been adapted into glasses and contact lenses that can  allow people to read more clearly.

But that is not what makes Abbas bin Firnas, a scientist who remembered the world to this day. But his efforts to create a tool that can make humans can fly. This  is revealed by a Moroccan historian named Al-Maqqari wrote a  description of the Firnas, seven centuries after the death of this  eccentric scientist. In his description of Al-Maqqari, writes that Firmas ever tried to fly by making a wing attached with bird feathers. This wing is also equipped with a glinder and a mysterious sisitem. With this tool, Firmas can actually fly safely. It's just that the tool gives the impact of pain on the back that  ternyta caused by the mysterious mechanisms such as a bird tail in pairs  on his body.

It is this mechanism that will be adopted in the aviation world to make airplanes. And although rarely known to people thanks to its contribution in the  aviation world, NASA apparently captured the name of Firnas as one of  the crater names on the Moon, and also an airport name in Baghdad.

Al-Jazari - Robotic Mechanism


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When hearing about the Robot that will first come to mind at this time we are of course the Japanese state. Because  the country is well known as the leader of the middle-class automotih  industry is indeed a leader in the affairs of the progress of the  robotics world today. Tap if we look a bit to history, in fact the first person to discover the Robotic mechanism is very far from mainland Japan. He is Al-Jazari, a Turkish engineer and mathematician who one of his  findings turned out to be the originator of the current robotic system.

In  the year 1100 BC, Al-Jazari successfully built a giant clock with an  elephant-like elephant look with a unique mechanism that can bring the  birds chirp as well as the special movement of a dragon characters  installed in it. This mechanism itself is driven through a bowl of water in the clock. This bowl is designed with a pendulum that works with the principles of Archimedes. By using this principle, the bowl will not drown when receiving a load of balls totaling up to 30 pieces dropped in sequence. These balls serve ballast that will make the bowl slightly down from  its original position and provide a simultaneous effect on other  mechanisms that make this elephant clock able to sound and move.

Well  this mechanisne is also considered as the first robotics work in the  world, as well as inspiration of robotic mechanisms that exist today. 


 Ibn al-Haitham - Modern Optical Lens


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Abu  Ali Muhammad al-Hasan bin al-Haitham, better known as Ibn al-Haitham,  was an early 925 AD Islamic scholar who was proficient in science,  philosophy, mathematics, geometry, medicine and philosophy. The scientist who is so interested in learning about this light is now  known as the Father of the World Optics, thanks to his contribution in  the manufacture of modern optical lenses.

It was he who improved the concept of a 'camera obscura' or a pinhole originally invented by China. In this theory it is mentioned that light moving on a straight line will form an inverted image on the retina. By  Ibn al-Haitham this theory then he perfected with the results of his  research on the effects of light that mentions if the light moves in a  straight line and is distinguished by objects that are reflected by the  rays. This theory is then become the forerunner to the formation of the concept of optical lens medern existing today.

Thanks to the findings of this scientist who also has a western name  Alhazen even be a source of inspiration by some western science experts,  such as Roger Bacon, and Kepler in creating a microscope and telescope.

Bani Musa Brothers - "Book of Ingenious Device"


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"Book  of Ingenious Device" is a record of the working system of a mechanism  made in 850 AD by three brothers from Iran named Bani Musa Brothers. In this book, Banu Musa, which consists of Ahmad, Muhammad, and Hasan  bin Musa ibn Shakir, writes about how a mechanical system works and  describes it in the form of illustrations.

This book became the first book in the world that describes the automata system or various automatic machines. Some  of the systems described in this book include automatic fail-safe  system, auto crank, automatic valve, concentric double siphon, and a  crooked end channel capable of pouring different liquids. In addition, there are still automatic fountain, water-powered organs, and water dispensers.

The  concept of "Book of Ingenious Device" is what is now often referred to  as a pioneer of various encyclopedias and manuals that exist today. 


 Al-Idrisi - World Map


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Abu  Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani al-Sabti or more often  in the name of Al-Idrisi is a scientist of Arab descent born in Ceuta,  North Africa. During his life Al-Idrisi known as a geographer and cartographer who likes to wander around the world. Thanks to his passion, Al-Idrisi finally reached Palermo, Sicily, Italy, and spent the rest of his life there.

In  Palermo he also made the greatest achievements of his life with me,  making the world map with the most complete description in the 12th  century. Al-Idrisi's map was the most powerful of its time until it was  used by anglers over the next few centuries. In  the map Al-Idrisi describes in detail the locations such as the African  continent, the Indian Ocean even to the Far Eastern plains (now Asia)  that were then untouched by the explorers. In addition to providing a detailed description of the location  al-Idrisi also not forget to give a full explanation of the northern  areas of Christianity and Islamic territory, which makes this map not  only show the direction but also provide information about community  communities that inhabit the location.

Al-Zahrawi - Operating Equipment


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Abul  Qasim Khalaf bin al-Abbas az-Zahrawi or Al-Zahrawi was a Muslim  physicist and surgeon from Andalusia who lived between 936 - 1013 AD. During his lifetime Al-Zahrawi was known as the best surgeon in the Middle Ages. Because of his kehebatanya in medical science he is often referred to as the father of the world surgeon. Not only great in medical matters Al-Zahrawi also quite proficient in  the affairs of writing that he poured in his Kitab al-Tasrif which  discusses about medical practice.

In  addition to being a great surgeon, Al-Zahrawi also made other  contributions in the medical world by developing procedures and also  more modern surgical instruments. Especially for developing the operation equipment of works of  Al-Zahrawi even up to now still adapted western and eastern culture.

Some of the findings of Al-Zahrawi's medical devices are between  syringes, forceps or tang-shaped tools used for surgery, hook and  surgical needles, and spinal scalpels and lithotomy scalpels.

That's some of the world's most important discoveries donated by Muslim scientists. Hopefully this information can provide benefits and add insight. 


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Really enjoyed this post. I'd never Heard of the Bani Musa Brothers before. I'd heard the tales of middle age rich folk being amazed by these automated machines. Although I'd not confirmed it I'd supposed the Greeks had invented them. A very interesting subject. Apparently they were used to con people into believing magical tales. There will always be hustlers.

It appears that the book did contain legit inventions.
From Wikipedia:
"The Book of Ingenious Devices describes 100 inventions; the ones which have been reconstructed work as designed. While designed primarily for amusement purposes, they employ innovative engineering technologies such as one-way and two-way valves able to open and close by themselves, mechanical memories, devices to respond to feedback, and delays. Most of these devices were operated by water pressure."

Yeah that's science.. Everyone can be like them, it's just that they are lazy to hone his skills @neillio