ost-Marxism is a trends in philosophy and social theoris based on Karl Marx's writing, Marxism proper, and bypassing orthodox Marxism. Philosophically, post-Marxism counters derivationism and essentialism for example, it does not see the State as an instrument that "functions" unambiguously and autonomously on behalf of the interests of a given class). Recent overviews of post-Marxism are provided by Ernesto Screpanti, Göran Therborn, and Gregory Meyerson.
Semiology and discourse
When Roland Barthes began his sustained critique of mass culture via semiology—the science of signs—and the book Mythologies, some Marxist philosophers based their social criticism upon linguistics, semiotics, and discourse. Basing his approach on Barthes' work, Baudrillard wrote For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign (1972), criticizing contemporary Marxism for ignoring the sign value of its philosophic discourse.
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