A very interesting idea, @Calaber24p!
I have actually thought a number of times about the (paramount, long-lasting) problem with completely uninformed, uneducated, and senile voters. I've thought that the criteria could be finished high school and the addition of a max age limit of about 80.
However, your idea about a voting test is even better and more just - I would just expand it in two parts: the basic understanding of politics and the elementary education test.