The Anatomical Theater of Modena is an 18th century anatomy amphitheater, based in Viale Jacopo Berengario 16, in Modena.
It hosted anatomy lessons at the University of Modena until 1985 and was reopened to the public in 2018, following renovation and consolidation works necessary after the 2012 earthquake. It is currently included in the visiting itinerary of AGO Modena Fabbriche Culturali, which includes the entire eighteenth-century complex of the former Sant'Agostino hospital, the historical pharmacy and the church of Sant'Agostino di Modena .
The project of the Anatomical Theater of Modena is due to the architect Lorenzo Toschi, who was also director of the works. The structure was similar to that of the Anatomical Theater of Padua, designed by Fabrizio di Acquapendente.
The original shape, with an elliptical plan, was that of a complete amphitheater, with dimensions however smaller than those of the Paduan theater and a total capacity of 400 seats. After 1817, when the upper floor of the Theater was built to house the Anatomical Museum, a part of the ellipse was sacrificed to build the access staircase, which is why the Anatomical Theater took on the current shape of a cavea.