What is related to IPv4 and IPv6, then what is the difference?
Internet Protocol Address (IP) is a number that is created to identify computers hosted on the internet network. The function of an IP on a computer network is the address on a computer that can be connected to another computer. IP has different versions, namely IPv4 and IPv6 which have their advantages and disadvantages.
Every device connected to the Internet needs an unique IP address. IPv4 had been the standard used since the Internet started. However, the main problem with IPv4 is that we are running out of it. An IPv4 address takes the form of 255.255.255.255, a 32bit four octets representation. Each octet takes in a number from 0 to 256. Therefore, the total available IPv4 addresses are 2^32 addresses , slightly more than 4 billion of them. Of course, some address like 127.0.0.1 are reserved address and cannot be used for the internet.
4 billion addresses, that sounds like a lot. That is true 30 years ago, nobody would imagine the need to have 4 billion unique address. However, today, with the evolution of Internet, IoT, smartphones, smart tv, smart home, smart everything, we know that IPv4 will surely be not enough in the near future.
Introduction of IPv6 began, with a representation of eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, eg 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334, bringing the total available unique address to 3,400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. That is surely enough now.
Besides addressing the problem of scarcity, IPv6 also aims to improve security over IPv4. Example, the introduction of native IPsec support directly into the IPv6 protocol.
Other advantages of IPv6 includes
With IPv4 fast running out, all governments and organisations are encourage to begin supporting and migrating to IPv6. However, this is really not easy. There are alot of hurdles that is preventing the mass adoption of IPv6. Majority of Internet backend, especially in lesser developed countries, are still heavily dependant on IPv4. The complete transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will likely take decades to complete.
This answer references some points from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6_address
Along with developing time, the internet protocol has undergone a development namely the emergence of the internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) and version 6 (IPv6). The emergence of IPv6 itself is based on the prediction that IPv4 will be used up by devices in the world. Because IPv4 only has 32 bits, IPv6 appears that has 128 bits which automatically can provide more addresses.
IPv4 is the 4th generation internet protocol (IP) IPv4 which has a 32-bit bit length, so it can address computers with a total of about 4 billion or exactly 4,294,967,296. IPv4 writing consists of 4 blocks, and each block consists of numbers 0-255. An example of an IP IP4 address is 192.168.100.1. The development of computers, smartphones, and consoles that continues to increase continuously, which then has a direct impact on the needs of the internet address protocol for the purpose of addressing each device to be able to connect to the internet. This problem is the basis for making 6th generation or IPv6 internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IEFTF) to overcome problems and replace IPv4.
IPv6 has a total bit length of 128 bits so it can address a computer with a number of 3.4 x 1038. If viewed Ipv6 has a very large amount when compared to Ipv4 to address a device. IPv6 also has better mobility, security and configuration aspects than before.