Value is in the mind of those that put a value on something. Intrinsic values come from permanent values, like air and water.
One can create a value at any time or even have a value forced upon you by your situation. An anti-gun person may value a pistol when being attacked by a hungry tiger, for example.
Values are relative. "One man's trash is another man's treasure," applies.
Even air and water should be viewed as subjectively valuable, economically speaking, in my view.
In order for these to be valued, humans must first value the for their ability to sustain life. If someone doesn't value his/her life, (a tragedy) air and water no longer have value to this individual actor, really.
An extreme example, but good for the thought exercise.
Something that will soon be among the most dire of issues: air and water! Love the Zen reference too.
IMO, I don't think we need to go much further than perception. You either perceive a value or you don't. If there is no perception, there is nothing to talk about. A value is an abstraction that permeates a consciousness. It does not exist anywhere else.