You seem to have forgotten about the half of politicians who cater specifically to white males.
Politicians like to win. But, they have to compete (in theory). So, the two parties agreed to split constituents along predictable identity lines, gerrymander those constituents into "safe" parties, and then stack the rules of the primary elections to guarantee that party favorites exclusively are nominated.
The more strongly you can polarize people, and the more you can polarize them along easily identifiable characteristics, the easier it is to control elections. That's why identity politics are being pushed so hard, and it's not only representatives on the Left who are benefiting.
How are white males benefitting from politics? Are you talking about the 20 people who run huge international corporations? Can you tell me how a small business owner benefits from being taxed?
There's a difference between a politician catering his message to someone and the government actually benefiting them (e.g. Trump catering to the GOP, Obama catering to Blacks). Neither party delivers on its promises, but one party is targeting white men, and the other party is targeting everyone else.
But, to answer your question, it depends on what the taxes are used for. If the taxes are used to produce public goods with positive externalities that the small business owner relies upon or benefits from, then that is how they benefit from taxes. For instance, taxes to pay for the transportation infrastructure the customers use, or to pay for the rule of law that underpins capitalist enterprise, or public education which allows for standardized expectations for workers and customers, or to pay for the organizations like the FDA that allow customers to buy from a stranger without worrying about getting poisoned/cheated, or from the military strength not to have to be concerned about conquering armies, etc.
There are also many functions of the government which are not beneficial to the small business owner specifically, and there are also functions that are not beneficial to almost any American citizens outside of the ruling class.
Taxes are not inherently good or bad. In some cases, taxes are effectively theft. In other cases, the absence of taxes is inherently theft. A nuanced approach to analyzing the effects of taxes is necessary to achieve maximum market efficiency.