I'm afraid I really can't tell you the detail of communication in the future not only because the prime directive forbids it, but also because it would require a deep understanding of 25th Century physics and concepts not yet discovered. I can say that it is instantaneous, irrespective of the distance.
I'm not sure I understand your second question. Perhaps you could re-phrase it!
And here I am having difficulty in understating some of Newtonian physics smh
The second question was regarding their food. What do they eat and if they eat something controversial like say a dog then would we allow it?
Tolerance and a rich diversity of cultures are very important foundations to a healthy society. In our time there is a great richness of culture and religion, each with its own peculiarities. When we dine with the Klingon's we may be presented with food that is very far from palatable. Nevertheless, we honor them and their traditions and are happy to entertain their ways, if only for a brief time.
Laws are only required when morals and ethics have failed us. In our time we have relinquished laws in exchange for what you call Anarchy today. We do not have centralized power structures, but rather a consensus formed by the opinions and desires of self managed and small micro-cities...