Arabica Coffee

Arabica coffeefrom the mountain forest in Ethiopia, Africa. In his native habitat, these plants grow under the canopy of lush tropical forest. This type of coffee is grown at altitudes above 500 meters above sea level.

Arabica coffee will grow best when planted an altitude of 1000-2000 meters above sea level. With rainfall ranges from 1200-2000 mm per year. The ambient temperature most suitable for this plant ranges from 15-24oC. These plants are not resistant at temperatures near freezing below 4 ° C.

To flower and produce fruit, arabica coffee plants require a dry period for 4-5 months a year. Usually the arabica trees will bloom at the end of the rainy season. When the new flower bloom crushed heavy rain will cause failure to fruition.

Arabica coffee like soil rich in organic matter content. The organic material used plants for sources of nutrients and preserve moisture. The level of acidity or pH of the soil from which ranges from 5,5-6.

Characteristics Of Plants

Short arabica coffee plants resemble shrubs with a height of 2-3 meters. Stems stand upright with a rounded shape. The tree has many branches.
Arabica coffee color glossy green leaves like having a layer of wax. Older leaves that have dark green color. Leaf shape elongated or oval with a pointed leaf tips. Blunt leaf base and has a short stalk. Bone structure pinnate leaves.

Arabica coffee started flowering after the rainy season. Flowers grow in axillary panicles. Coffee flowers are white and can pollinate themselves, there is no difference in male and female flowers. From the shape to be the fruit buds ready for harvest takes 8-11 months.

The fruit is round like an egg, with the color green fruit and then turned to bright red when ripe. If the fruit has matured tend to easily fall out. Therefore, it must be harvested immediately, for details please read how to harvest the coffee cherries. The fruit that fall to the ground will be degraded, tend to smell the ground.
Arabica coffee trees have deep roots tunjang. This deep roots in order to prop up the tree that are not easily collapsed and survive in drought conditions. Determined from a tree root growth was transferred from the nursery. Tree roots do not grow well, it will hurt productivity.

Arabica Coffee Varieties

There are many varieties of arabica coffee grown in Indonesia. Each variety has a growing power and adaptability of different. Selection of varieties in cultivation should be adapted to the environmental conditions where the cultivation.

To obtain optimal results using varieties from reliable sources. Ministry of Agriculture through the Center for Koka always release varieties.

Some of them are as follows:

S 795. This variety has productivity from 1000 to 1500 kg / ha in the 1600-2000 planting density of trees per hectare. Starts flowering at the age of 15-24 months. Somewhat resistant to leaf rust when planted altitude of over 1000 meters above sea level.

USDA 762. The productivity of this type of coffee reached 800-12000 kg / ha. Starts flowering at the age of 32-34 months. Moderately resistant to leaf rust disease.

Grandmother sari-1. The productivity of about 350 kg / ha. Starts flowering at the age of 15-24 months. When planted altitude of less than 900 meters, these varieties are susceptible to rust attacks the leaves but quite resistant grown in less fertile areas.

Sigarar debt. Productivity of 1,500 kg per hectare. This variety can bear fruit memilikikeistimewaan continuously follow the pattern of rainfall distribution. The seeds are large, fruit powders are susceptible to pests and nematodes, but enough to leaf rust resistance. Suggested grown at altitudes above 1000 meters above sea level.

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