Despite these investigations, experts warn that the use of spyware poses a significant threat to national security and human rights in Europe. Scott-Railton, a researcher at Citizen Lab, argues that European governments are failing to address the issue at scale, despite the presence of domestic and export-related international issues. The lack of a comprehensive approach has created a "huge mess" that undermines national security and human rights, according to Krapiva, a researcher at Access nOW.