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RE: LeoThread 2024-10-24 11:17

Scientists Just Discovered Over 70,000 Bizarre New Viruses With AI

Charting the "dark matter" of the viral universe has implications not just for biotechnology—but potentially for battling the next pandemic too.

Viruses are everywhere. They’re in the air; in sewage, lakes, and oceans; in grasslands and decaying wood. Some thrive in extreme conditions, like hydrothermal vents, Antarctic ice, and potentially even outer space.

#ai #technology #newsonleo #viruses #health

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AI Tool Unveils Hidden World of RNA Viruses, Expanding Our Understanding of Earth's Viral Diversity

In a groundbreaking study published in Cell, researchers have employed artificial intelligence to discover over 70,000 previously unknown RNA viruses, dramatically expanding our understanding of Earth's viral diversity. This discovery not only sheds light on the mysterious "dark matter" of the viral world but also has potential implications for biotechnology and pandemic prevention.

The Hidden Viral Universe

Viruses are ubiquitous, existing in virtually every environment on Earth - from everyday settings like air and water to extreme conditions such as hydrothermal vents and Antarctic ice. Despite their ancient origins and constant presence throughout human history, much of the viral world remains unexplored. scientists have traditionally faced significant challenges in studying viruses due to their rapid mutation rates and the limitations of conventional sequencing methods.

Revolutionary AI Approach

The research team, led by Mang Shi at Sun Yat-sen University, developed a novel AI system called LucaProt to tackle this challenge. The system combines two sophisticated approaches:

  1. A transformer-based model similar to ChatGPT that creates a vocabulary of viral protein sequences
  2. A modified version of Meta's ESMFold program that analyzes protein structures at the atomic level

This dual-channel approach allows LucaProt to:

  • Process genetic sequences more efficiently than previous methods
  • Identify viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) with exceptional accuracy
  • Recognize viral patterns even in highly mutated sequences

Significant Findings

The AI analysis of nearly 10,500 samples revealed:

  • 70,458 new, unique RNA viruses
  • 60 distinct viral groups previously unknown to science
  • Several viruses adapted to extreme environments
  • One specimen with one of the longest RNA virus genomes ever discovered
  • New additions to known viral families, including Flaviviridae

Scientific Implications

This discovery has several important implications for science and medicine:

Research Applications

  • Potential development of new biotechnology tools
  • Better understanding of viral evolution and adaptation
  • Insights into host-virus relationships across different branches of life

Medical Relevance

  • Enhanced ability to predict and prepare for potential pandemics
  • New perspectives on viral behavior and mutation patterns
  • Possible applications in developing treatments and vaccines

Evolutionary Biology

The study suggests that RNA viruses may have an evolutionary history as long as, or possibly longer than, cellular organisms. This finding could reshape our understanding of life's early development on Earth.

Future Directions

The research team is currently working on upgrading their AI system to predict viral hosts, particularly focusing on:

  • Eukaryotic hosts (including plants, animals, and humans)
  • Bacterial hosts
  • Potential archael hosts, which could provide new insights into early life on Earth

Broader Impact

This research demonstrates the powerful role AI can play in biological discovery. By revealing previously invisible aspects of the viral world, these tools may help scientists:

  • Develop new therapeutic approaches
  • Better understand ecological systems
  • Prepare for future viral threats
  • Create novel biotechnology applications

As we continue to explore this expanded viral universe, each discovery has the potential to unlock new understanding of life's complexity and evolution, while potentially providing tools to address current and future health challenges.