“We guarantee safety through a technology that is in line with the European vision of what an automated vehicle should be, so a vehicle that has learnt its route before operating it and which, when it is in operation and without a driver on board, simply compares what it has learnt with what it sees,” said Benjamin Beaudet, general director at Beti, the operator of the automated shuttles.

He drew a comparison to US and Chinese companies that have focused more on self-driving taxis, which don’t have predefined routes, with leading companies being Waymo (owned by Alphabet, Google’s parent company), Uber, and Tesla.