Shapiro believes that the Singularity will occur around 2045, when computers will be able to perform more calculations than aLL of humanity combined. He argues that this will enable AI to solve complex problems such as aging and disease, as well as develop new materials and technologies.

Shapiro's argument is based on the idea that if a problem can be simulated on a computer, it can be solved. He points to the success of AlphaFold, a deep learning system that can predict the 3D structure of proteins, as evidence that this approach is feasible.