Network issues:

• Latency between distributed nodes can affect performance.
• Network failures or partitions can disrupt system functionality.
• Bandwidth limitations can impact data transfer and synchronization.

Data management:

• Determining where to store data and how to replicate it across nodes is complex.
• Data sovereignty and compliance issues arise when data is distributed across geographic boundaries.

Scalability:

• While distributed systems can scale well, designing for seamless scalability is challenging.
• Load balancing across nodes as the system grows can be complex.

Monitoring and observability:

• Gaining a holistic view of system performance across distributed components is difficult.
• Tracing issues across multiple nodes and services can be complex.