In a controlled greenhouse experiment, researchers exposed rice plants to a simulated heat wave. To simulate extreme heat conditions, the team subjected the fully grown rice plants to a rigorous six-day heat wave at 37°C.

To efficiently deliver zinc to plants, the team utilized nanoparticles, which are smaller than 100 nanometers. Interestingly, these can penetrate the microscopic pores on leaf surfaces.

Half of the plants were sprayed with a solution containing zinc oxide nanoparticles, while the other half received only water.