The Importance of Prime Factorization in Cryptography

To understand the potential impact of quantum computing on cryptography, it's crucial to grasp the concept of prime factorization and its role in encryption:

What is Prime Factorization?

Prime factorization is the mathematical process of breaking down a number into the product of smaller whole numbers (prime factors). For example, 12 can be factorized as 3 x 2 x 2.