'Reflecting values'
In Italy, the first LLM trained specifically on the Italian language data, called Italia 9B, launched this summer.

The aim of the Italia project is to store results in a given jurisdiction and rely on data from citizens within that region so that results produced by the AI systems there are more grounded in local languages, culture and history.

"Sovereign AI is about reflecting the values of an organization or, equally, the country that you're in and the values and the language," David Hogan, EMEA head of enterprise sales for chipmaking giant Nvidia, told CNBC.