The Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlán was a brutal and devastating event that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 Aztecs. The city was rebuilt by the Spanish, who renamed it Mexico City and established it as the capital of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.

Over the centuries, Mexico City has been a major center of politics, culture, and commerce in the Americas. It was a key location for the Spanish colonial empire, and many of its landmarks, such as the Cathedral and the Palace of Fine arts, were built during this period.