Though the rules are technically in effect, implementation them is a lengthy process. Most of the provisions of the Act — including rules for general-purpose AI systems like OpenAI's ChatGPT — won't materialize until at least 2026, at the end of a two-year transition period.

"It is absolutely vital for the competitiveness of our businesses and future progress of Europe that both the private and public sector will succeed in developing and using AI in the years to come," Caroline Stage Olsen, Denmark's minister of digital affairs, told CNBC, calling the white paper a "helpful step" toward that goal.