Historical Context: From Hardship to Revival

To understand the significance of this shift, it's crucial to examine China's rural history:

1. The Great Leap Forward (late 1950s-early 1960s): Mao Zedong's disastrous attempt at rapid industrialization led to widespread famine and millions of deaths in rural areas.

2. The Cultural Revolution: Further disrupted rural life as educated youth were sent to the countryside for "reeducation."