Google appealed the decision and, in November 2021, the General Court of the European Union largely dismissed the challenge. It confirmed that self-preferencing its own shopping service in general search results was anti-competitive, harming rival shopping comparison services, and upholding the Commission’s penalty. However, the Court did find the Commission had not established that Google’s conduct could have had anticompetitive effects on the market for general search services as a whole — hence annulling that portion of the finding.