RSA Encryption and Prime Numbers

RSA encryption relies heavily on the difficulty of factoring large numbers:

• The RSA algorithm generates public and private keys using large prime numbers.
• If "p" and "q" are prime numbers, and "n" is their product (n = p x q), then p and q are related to the private keys, while n is related to the public key.
• The security of RSA is based on the principle that while multiplying two large prime numbers is computationally easy, reversing the process (finding the prime factors of a large number) is extremely difficult with classical computers.