Challenges and Criticisms

Sullivan's approach has not been without its critics. Some argue that the administration's actions have only made China more determined to invest in its domestic tech sector. Others question whether China's access to advanced chips truly represents the grave national security threat that Sullivan claims. There are also concerns about the moral implications of partnering with authoritarian regimes in the name of containing China.

Sullivan acknowledges these debates but stands firm in his conviction that the alternative - allowing China to dominate the global tech landscape - would be far worse. "We have challenges with American tech, to be sure," he said. "But if the world were dominated by Chinese or Russian or Iranian tech, those problems would be infinitely worse."