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No, I don't think so, it would have just slowed it down for a bit. If the EU banned mining, it would be a boon for the US, especially after China banned it.

However, all they can really do is shutdown the farms they know of I think. However, if it is for environmental reasons, it is better to have the lining in Europe and, it can be one of the driving forces for clean tech, as it can essentially self-fund its development.