Perhaps we don't define luck well
I think we don't. This article show cases the important of putting in the muscle to archive some thing and the archivement a result of our work.
I feel to some extent luck is something we bump into unexpectedly. In this case luck was going to be if the one that envied the hardworking person got the promotion and not the one that put it work.
Amazing write up
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there are other reasons for getting a promotion of course - like being friends with the decision maker or something. But, I think this is more the exception, than the rule.