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  • Nephritic Syndrome = proteinuria + hematuria + renal insufficiency, red cell casts in urine; risk factors = chronic liver failure, infection, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Goodpasture, SLE, hepatitis...

[... Continued] malaria, HUS, sickle cell disease; causes = post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition), crescenteric glomerulonephritis (due to SLE, Goodpasture), IgA nephropathy, AIN

  • Nephrotic Syndrome = large proteinuria (>3.5 g / 24 hrs), hypoalbuminemia, edema (Caused by protein loss); risk factors = DM, obesity, Sjorgen’s, SLE, sarcoidosis, cancer, drugs, Hepatitis C, HIV...

[... Continued] causes = minimal change disease in children (idiopathic), and in adults focal segmental glomerulonephritis (from HIV, SLE, obesity, heroin)

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