some degree of trade with the country. That was a shift since the mid-90s. The mid-90s there were all sorts of stories about famine, crisis, North Korea was imploding in many ways. Since then, the Chinese started to be a bit of economic activity opening. Through shell corporations, but on the margins the area of China adjoining North Korea has benefited from some of that activity. The Chinese interests are mixed. We fast forward to today and the nuclear escalation, the nuclear threats, the greater uncertainty, some Chinese actors are starting to rethink that sort of knee-jerk response. However, they don't like to be forced by the US to do something and the like. As a result, the US response is, I would say, parallel. A parallel process of keeping a coalition together, that's the multilateral, UN-security council-based approach, and unilateral. US action directly. A lot of people use the example of, well, what can we learn from Iran sanctions and that, the like. That was also a case (13/45)