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Imagine connecting a battery to a light bulb with wires. The battery creates a potential difference, which is essentially a difference in electrical energy between its two terminals. The negative terminal has an excess of electrons, while the positive terminal has a deficiency. When you complete the circuit, electrons begin to move from the negative terminal, pass through the bulb (causing it to glow), and return to the positive terminal. This movement of electrons is what we call electric current.

The strength of this current depends on how many electrons flow through the circuit per second—the more electrons, the stronger the current. As long as the battery can supply energy, this flow continues. Once the battery runs out of stored energy, the current gradually diminishes and stops.