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This dynamic resembles the Stoic philosopher Epictetus’ distinction between what is within our control and what is not. While we can influence our responses, external conditions—like health, reputation, material possessions—are beyond our grasp. The more we try to control these uncontrollable winds, the more vulnerable we become to disappointment.

The Wisdom of Acceptance and Mindfulness

The Two Arrows Analogy

Buddhism uses the metaphor of two arrows to describe pain and suffering. The first arrow is the inevitable pain we experience from life's hardships—loss, injustice, discomfort—that hits us unbidden. The second arrow is our internal reaction—thoughts, stories, and emotional responses—that compound the suffering.