Part 4/10:

• Urbanization and Living Conditions: As approximately 50% of the population lives in urban regions like Bangkok, the environment becomes less conducive to large families. Urban living involves higher living costs, limited space, and busy lifestyles that make child-rearing more challenging.

• Educational and Career Opportunities for Women: Greater access to higher education and participation in the workforce empower women but also lead to delaying childbirth or choosing not to have children altogether.

• Cultural and Religious Influences: Religious beliefs, particularly in a predominantly Buddhist society with influences from Islam and Christianity, impact family planning choices. For example, certain religious communities might be less inclined to use contraception.