Part 9/14:
Back home, China’s government meticulously plans its battery supply chain, supporting companies like CATL and BYD with industrial clustering and vertical integration. This focus on economies of scale has granted China unparalleled dominance, with Chinese firms producing over three-quarters of the world’s lithium-ion batteries. Meanwhile, the U.S. and Europe are pouring hundreds of billions into developing their own capabilities, risking overinvestment if these industries cannot compete globally without ongoing subsidies.