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The pandemic has also underscored the importance of long-term planning. China is now focusing on sustainable development, local economic integration, and technological innovation within the BRI framework, aiming to balance short-term setbacks with strategic goals.

Conclusion: A Road Ahead Uncertain but Determined

The Belt and Road Initiative’s future hinges on navigating a complex landscape of economic, geopolitical, and health-related challenges. While COVID-19 has exposed vulnerabilities—particularly in debt sustainability and project viability—China's commitment remains unwavering. The initiative’s long-term success will depend on effective sequencing of projects, debt management, and ensuring that recipient countries benefit without falling into unsustainable debt.