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Moreover, Indonesia’s limited defense budget remains a critical barrier. With defense spending below 1% of GDP, compared to regional peers investing higher percentages, Indonesia needs increased political will and strategic planning to meet its maritime objectives.

Conclusion: A Nation at a Crossroads

The sinking of Nangala has brought Indonesia’s maritime vulnerabilities into sharp focus. It underscores the need for a comprehensive review of naval capabilities, maintenance protocols, and procurement strategies—all within the broader context of regional geopolitics and internal security challenges.