Part 5/13:

Justice and Radicalization: The Fate of the Perpetrators

The aftermath of the attack saw swift justice. Key figures—Rosie Imam Samudra and Muklas—were sentenced to death by firing squad, while Umar Patek, a bomb-maker, received a 20-year prison sentence in 2012. Umar’s subsequent parole, based on good behavior, reignited debate. While Indonesian authorities frame Umar as an example of de-radicalization, survivors like Marpaung remain deeply skeptical, arguing that justice has yet to be fully realized.