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At the heart of this innovation are nanoparticles, minuscule particles about 1,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. These nanoparticles are naturally present in milk, originating from both cow and human sources, and even from other mammals. Despite their tiny size, they carry significant biological functions. Researchers have identified that these particles can act as carriers for therapeutic compounds, which could be targeted precisely to diseased areas within the gut.