Part 4/17:

Further elaboration covers the development of participatory lawmaking, exemplified by England’s tradition of governance where all classes have a voice through parliament. From the 14th century onwards, England's legal system evolved to protect property rights, prevent arbitrary imprisonment, and guarantee impartial justice, creating an environment conducive to economic and societal stability.

The historian draws attention to how the Norman conquest consolidated Anglo-Saxon administrative efficiency, especially through currency stability, taxation, and legal uniformity. John’s misrule and mistreatment of powerful nobles led to the creation of the Magna Carta—an attempt by barons to curb royal abuses—which was ultimately refined by William the Marshal into a proto-constitution.