Part 7/15:

• Spatial Subsampling: Using schemes like 4:2:0 chroma subsampling reduces data significantly by storing color at lower frequencies.

• Temporal Differences: Consecutive frames in video generally contain minimal differences, enabling encoding via motion vectors instead of full image data per frame.

This leads to key components in video codecs:

• Motion Vectors and Motion Blocks: Instead of storing every pixel, the encoder tracks movement across frames, represented as vectors, which substantially reduces data—particularly in videos with slow or predictable motion.