Part 5/10:

• Replication: Databases should be replicated across regions to prevent data loss.

• Event-Driven Architecture: Using message queues and event-driven designs can help manage surges and prevent overload.

4. Monitoring and Human Factors

• Active Monitoring: Real-time dashboards (Grafana, New Relic) should detect issues early.

• Redundant Knowledge: Multiple team members should understand critical systems to prevent single points of failure in human resources.

Strategies to Enhance Availability and Fault Tolerance

Redundancy and Replication

Adding multiple instances of critical components increases overall availability. For example, hosting servers in multiple regions and using load balancers ensures requests are rerouted if one data center fails.