Part 5/10:

As Boltzmann delved deeper into thermodynamics, he became especially focused on the second law, which states that heat energy spontaneously flows from hot to cold bodies. He connected these observations to the concept of entropy, which measures a system's tendency toward disorder. Despite the scientific community's ongoing debate over the existence of atomic particles, Boltzmann championed the atomic view, suggesting that the evolution of natural processes towards disorder—entropy—was fundamentally linked to the probabilistic nature of microscopic interactions.