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The Norse explorers, led by Eric the Red in 982 AD, established settlements that thrived for centuries, mainly through farming and trade. However, by the 1400s, these Norse communities mysteriously vanished, possibly due to climatic changes, conflicts with the Inuit, or other sociopolitical factors. By the time Europeans were re-engaging with Greenland in the 1600s, under the auspices of Denmark-Norway, the Inuit were the prominent population, continuing their survival in the cold landscape.