Part 6/14:

This law introduces the concept of entropy as a measure of order and provides a reference point for thermodynamic calculations.

The Carnot Cycle: The Idealized Model for Engines

A key concept is the Carnot cycle, an idealized thermodynamic cycle that represents the maximum possible efficiency for a heat engine working between two temperature reservoirs.

The Basic Process

The Carnot cycle involves four reversible, distinct processes:

1. Isothermal Expansion — the system absorbs heat at high temperature, expanding and doing work.

2. Adiabatic (Isentropic) Expansion — the system cools without heat exchange.

3. Isothermal Compression — the system releases heat at low temperature.