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Isengard was constructed during the Second Age of Middle-earth, a time when the kingdoms of men were taking shape after the downfall of Númenor. While Saruman first set foot in Middle-earth around the year 1000 of the Third Age, Isengard's foundations trace back to the resilient and resourceful people known as the Dúnedain, or Men of the West. These individuals, remaining loyal to the Valar, journeyed to Middle-earth and established formidable realms such as Gondor to the south and Arnor to the north.