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Fruits can be categorized as climacteric or non-climacteric based on their ripening behavior. Climacteric fruits, such as apples and avocados, can ripen after being harvested, while non-climacteric fruits, such as raspberries and oranges, must be harvested when fully ripe. Understanding these differences is essential for effective agricultural practices and maximizing food quality.

Chemical Defenses in Plants

Plants also employ a vast array of chemical compounds as defensive mechanisms against herbivores, pathogens, and competing plant species. Since plants cannot escape threats, they synthesize toxins and unpleasant-tasting or smelling chemicals. These compounds serve various purposes, including deterring pests, defending against diseases, surviving drought, and attracting pollinators.